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Publications
There are about  citations in this body of work according to Google Scholar.
Citation counts for individual papers are provided where greater than 15 (counts are dynamicaly updated through Google Scholar).
Journal Articles
Using Context as a Crystal Ball: Rewards and Pitfalls. K. Cheverst, N. Davies, K. Mitchell and C. Efstratiou. Personal Technologies Journal, vol 5(1), pp. 8—11, February, 2001. Springer. Abstract Context-awareness can be used to simplify a user’s understanding of, and interaction with, interactive
systems. In effect, through adaptation, context-aware systems can migrate complexity away from the user and into
the system (or agent). However, the incorporation of context-awareness raises a number of issues. For example,
users are required to trust the behaviour of the system’s intelligence and this requires the system to have
predictable behaviour and the ability to successfully and consistently preempt the user’s goal. Unfortunately,
the agent may incorrectly preempt the user’s goal, owing to either flawed intelligence or to incorrect or
out-of-date contextual information. In such circumstances the user is likely to feel frustration because the
system will either appear overly prescriptive or, worse still, present incorrect results. This paper considers
these issues, a number of which are described in anecdotal form, based on our experiences in developing and
evaluating the context-aware GUIDE system. @article{che01a, author = {K. Cheverst and N. Davies and K. Mitchell and C. Efstratiou}, title = {Using Context as a Crystal Ball: Rewards and Pitfalls}, journal = {Personal Technologies Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, month = {February}, pages = {8--11}, publisher = {Springer}, year = {2001}, abstract = {Context-awareness can be used to simplify a user’s understanding of, and interaction with, interactive
systems. In effect, through adaptation, context-aware systems can migrate complexity away from the user and into
the system (or agent). However, the incorporation of context-awareness raises a number of issues. For example,
users are required to trust the behaviour of the system’s intelligence and this requires the system to have
predictable behaviour and the ability to successfully and consistently preempt the user’s goal. Unfortunately,
the agent may incorrectly preempt the user’s goal, owing to either flawed intelligence or to incorrect or
out-of-date contextual information. In such circumstances the user is likely to feel frustration because the
system will either appear overly prescriptive or, worse still, present incorrect results. This paper considers
these issues, a number of which are described in anecdotal form, based on our experiences in developing and
evaluating the context-aware GUIDE system.}, file = {http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~efstrati/publications/content/crystal.pdf} } A Layered Architecture for Computer-based simulation supporting skills learning: an X-ray imaging paradigm. L. Costaridou, G. Panayiotakis, C. Efstratiou, C. Papnikolaou and N. Palikarakis. Medical Informatics Journal, vol 22(2), pp. 165—177, 1997. Abstract Simulation is characterized by strong learning potential, providing the basis for a new category of
systems, the simulation-based learning systems. To strengthen the learning potential of these systems, models
are needed not only of the actual system being imitated, but also of the operational expertise required to carry
out manipulations of the simulated system, inherently linked to learning. In this paper, an architecture is
reported aimed at supporting the organization of multimodal simulation resources to induce skills learning.
This architecture is based on distinct layers, allowing independent representation of learning and simulation
components. Its applicability has been demonstrated by means of a paradigm, including simulation of X-ray
imaging procedure, as well as authoring of learning scenarios pertaining to such procedures. @article{cos97a, author = {L. Costaridou and G. Panayiotakis and C. Efstratiou and C. Papnikolaou and N. Palikarakis}, title = {A Layered Architecture for Computer-based simulation supporting skills learning: an X-ray imaging paradigm}, journal = {Medical Informatics Journal}, volume = {22}, number = {2}, pages = {165--177}, year = {1997}, abstract = {Simulation is characterized by strong learning potential, providing the basis for a new category of
systems, the simulation-based learning systems. To strengthen the learning potential of these systems, models
are needed not only of the actual system being imitated, but also of the operational expertise required to carry
out manipulations of the simulated system, inherently linked to learning. In this paper, an architecture is
reported aimed at supporting the organization of multimodal simulation resources to induce skills learning.
This architecture is based on distinct layers, allowing independent representation of learning and simulation
components. Its applicability has been demonstrated by means of a paradigm, including simulation of X-ray
imaging procedure, as well as authoring of learning scenarios pertaining to such procedures.} }
Refereed Conferences & Workshops
Exploring the Design of Pay-Per-Use Objects in the Construction Domain. D. Fitton, G. Kortuem, V. Sundramoorthy, J. Brown, C. Efstratiou, J. Finney and N. Davies. Accepted for publication in Proceedings of EuroSSC 2008, Zurich, Switzerland, October, 2008. @inproceedings{fit08a, author = {D. Fitton and G. Kortuem and V. Sundramoorthy and J. Brown and C. Efstratiou and J. Finney and N. Davies}, title = {Exploring the Design of Pay-Per-Use Objects in the Construction Domain}, booktitle = {Accepted for publication in Proceedings of EuroSSC 2008}, location = {Zurich, Switzerland}, month = {October}, year = {2008} } Network Interrupts: Supporting Delay Sensitive Applications in Low Power Wireless Control Networks. J. Brown, J. Finney, C. Efstratiou, B. Green, N. Davies, M. Lowton and G. Kortuem. In Proceedings of CHANTS 2007: ACM Mobicom 2007 Workshop on Challenged Networks, Montreal, Canada, pp. 51—58, September, 2007. ACM Press. Abstract The importance in maintaining energy efficient communications
in low power networks such as sensor and actuator networks is
well understood. However, in recent years, a growing number of
delay sensitive and interactive applications have been discovered
for such networks, that are no longer purely limited to the data
gathering model of sensor networks. Providing support
application requiring low latency interaction in such environments
without negatively affecting energy efficiency remains a
challenging problem. This paper outlines the importance of this
emerging class of application, discusses problems involved in
supporting them in energy challenged environments, proposes a
combined hardware and software mechanism based on
heterogeneous wireless networking which works toward solving
this problem, and goes on to evaluate this mechanism through
experimental analysis. The paper concludes with a discussion of
the applicability of the mechanism to typical application
scenarios. @inproceedings{jam07a, author = {J. Brown and J. Finney and C. Efstratiou and B. Green and N. Davies and M. Lowton and G. Kortuem}, title = {Network Interrupts: Supporting Delay Sensitive Applications in Low Power Wireless Control Networks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of CHANTS 2007: ACM Mobicom 2007 Workshop on Challenged Networks}, location = {Montreal, Canada}, month = {September}, year = {2007}, pages = {51--58}, publisher = {ACM Press}, address = {New York, USA}, file = {http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~efstrati/publications/content/p51-brown.pdf}, abstract = {The importance in maintaining energy efficient communications
in low power networks such as sensor and actuator networks is
well understood. However, in recent years, a growing number of
delay sensitive and interactive applications have been discovered
for such networks, that are no longer purely limited to the data
gathering model of sensor networks. Providing support
application requiring low latency interaction in such environments
without negatively affecting energy efficiency remains a
challenging problem. This paper outlines the importance of this
emerging class of application, discusses problems involved in
supporting them in energy challenged environments, proposes a
combined hardware and software mechanism based on
heterogeneous wireless networking which works toward solving
this problem, and goes on to evaluate this mechanism through
experimental analysis. The paper concludes with a discussion of
the applicability of the mechanism to typical application
scenarios.}, acceptance = {52%} } Sensor Networks or Smart Artifacts? An Exploration of Organizational Issues of An Industrial Health and Safety Monitoring System. G. Kortuem, D. Alford, L. Ball, J. Busby, N. Davies, C. Efstratiou, J. Finney, M. Iszatt-White and K. Kinder. In Proceedings of Ubicomp 2007, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 465—482, September, 2007. Springer. @inproceedings{kor07a, author = {G. Kortuem and D. Alford and L. Ball and J. Busby and N. Davies and C. Efstratiou and J. Finney and M. Iszatt-White and K. Kinder}, title = {Sensor Networks or Smart Artifacts? An Exploration of Organizational Issues of An Industrial Health and Safety Monitoring System}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Ubicomp 2007}, location = {Innsbruck, Austria}, month = {September}, year = {2007}, publisher = {Springer}, pages = {465--482}, address = {Berlin}, acceptance = {19%} } Experiences of Designing and Deploying Intellignent Sensor Nodes to Monitor Hand-Arm Vibrations in the Field. C. Efstratiou, N. Davies, G. Kortuem, J. Finney, R. Hooper and M. Lowton. In Proceedings of ACM MobiSys 2007, San Juan, Puerto Rico, pp. 127—138, June, 2007. ACM Press. Abstract
The NEMO project is exploring the use of mobile sensor
nodes to augment physical work artefacts in order to ensure
compliance with health and safety regulations. In this
paper we present our experiences of designing and deploying
the NEMO Hand Arm Vibration (HAV) monitoring system.
Long term exposure to hand arm vibration can lead
to serious health conditions and the NEMO HAV monitoring
system offers an integrated architecture for capturing
HAV exposure data in the field, providing feedback about
exposure levels both in the field and as input to a back-end
database. Our design allows health and safety regulations
specified at the enterprise level to be embedded within the
wireless sensor nodes allowing them to operate without any
infrastructural support. The system has been the subject of
a two week field trial that took place with the collaboration
of a British construction and maintenance company. During
the field trial, the NEMO HAV system was deployed to
a road maintenance patching gang and data was collected
on HAV exposure caused by hydraulic drills. The paper reports
on the results of the field trial and the lessons learned
through the real deployment of the system. @inproceedings{efs07b, author = {C. Efstratiou and N. Davies and G. Kortuem and J. Finney and R. Hooper and M. Lowton}, title = {Experiences of Designing and Deploying Intellignent Sensor Nodes to Monitor Hand-Arm Vibrations in the Field}, booktitle = {Proceedings of ACM MobiSys 2007}, location = {San Juan, Puerto Rico}, month = {June}, year = {2007}, pages = {127--138}, publisher = {ACM Press}, address = {New York, USA}, file = {http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~efstrati/publications/content/sys5742-efstratiou.pdf}, abstract = {
The NEMO project is exploring the use of mobile sensor
nodes to augment physical work artefacts in order to ensure
compliance with health and safety regulations. In this
paper we present our experiences of designing and deploying
the NEMO Hand Arm Vibration (HAV) monitoring system.
Long term exposure to hand arm vibration can lead
to serious health conditions and the NEMO HAV monitoring
system offers an integrated architecture for capturing
HAV exposure data in the field, providing feedback about
exposure levels both in the field and as input to a back-end
database. Our design allows health and safety regulations
specified at the enterprise level to be embedded within the
wireless sensor nodes allowing them to operate without any
infrastructural support. The system has been the subject of
a two week field trial that took place with the collaboration
of a British construction and maintenance company. During
the field trial, the NEMO HAV system was deployed to
a road maintenance patching gang and data was collected
on HAV exposure caused by hydraulic drills. The paper reports
on the results of the field trial and the lessons learned
through the real deployment of the system.}, acceptance = {24.9%} } Sensing Danger - Challenges in Supporting Health and Safety Compliance in the Field. N. Davies, C. Efstratiou, J. Finney, R. Hooper, G. Kortuem and M. Lowton. In Proceedings of the 8th IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (HotMobile 2007), Tucson, Arizona, February, 2007. Abstract Many workers operate in environments that are inherently hazardous and that are subject to strict
health and safety rules and regulations. We envisage a world in which physical work artefacts such as
tools are augmented with intelligent mobile nodes that are able to observe the working activities taking
place, evaluate compliance with health and safety regulations and assist or actively enforce compliance
with these regulations. This vision creates a new field of work in the area of health and safety aware
intelligent mobile sensor networks. In this paper we describe a number of new challenges faced when
developing mobile systems for compliance with health and safety regulations. @inproceedings{dav07a, author = {N. Davies and C. Efstratiou and J. Finney and R. Hooper and G. Kortuem and M. Lowton}, title = {Sensing Danger - Challenges in Supporting Health and Safety Compliance in the Field}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (HotMobile 2007)}, location = {Tucson, Arizona}, month = {February}, year = {2007}, file = {http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~efstrati/publications/content/davies-SensingDanger.pdf}, abstract = {Many workers operate in environments that are inherently hazardous and that are subject to strict
health and safety rules and regulations. We envisage a world in which physical work artefacts such as
tools are augmented with intelligent mobile nodes that are able to observe the working activities taking
place, evaluate compliance with health and safety regulations and assist or actively enforce compliance
with these regulations. This vision creates a new field of work in the area of health and safety aware
intelligent mobile sensor networks. In this paper we describe a number of new challenges faced when
developing mobile systems for compliance with health and safety regulations.}, acceptance = {25%} } A Platform Supporting Coordinated Adaptation in Mobile Systems. C. Efstratiou, A. Friday, N. Davies and K. Cheverst. In Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (WMCSA'02), Callicoon, New York, pp. 128—137, June, 2002. IEEE Computer Society. Abstract Mobile environments are highly dynamic, characterised
by frequent and sudden changes in resource availability. As
a consequence, adaptive mobile applications need to be capable
of adapting their behaviour to ensure they continue
to offer the best possible level of service to the user. Our
experience of developing such applications has led us to
believe that existing mobile middleware platforms fail to
consider adaptive applications on a host as an ensemble
of entities competing for the same resources; instead, focusing
on the requirements of each application in isolation.
A new approach is required which offers the mechanisms
to support coordination of the adaptive behaviour of multiple
applications in order to achieve a common goal. In this
paper, we present a platform designed to meet this objective.
Our platform is based on the notion of the definition
of system-wide flexible adaptation policies written using a
form of Kowalsky’s event calculus, that may be adapted according
to user needs. Moreover, we also believe that by
using our approach it will soon be possible to identify and
resolve conflicts caused by the need to adapt to multiple
contextual triggers. @inproceedings{efs02b, author = {C. Efstratiou and A. Friday and N. Davies and K. Cheverst}, title = {A Platform Supporting Coordinated Adaptation in Mobile Systems}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th {IEEE} Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications ({WMCSA}'02)}, location = {Callicoon, New York}, pages = {128--137}, month = {June}, year = {2002}, publisher = {{IEEE Computer Society}}, address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA}, abstract = {Mobile environments are highly dynamic, characterised
by frequent and sudden changes in resource availability. As
a consequence, adaptive mobile applications need to be capable
of adapting their behaviour to ensure they continue
to offer the best possible level of service to the user. Our
experience of developing such applications has led us to
believe that existing mobile middleware platforms fail to
consider adaptive applications on a host as an ensemble
of entities competing for the same resources; instead, focusing
on the requirements of each application in isolation.
A new approach is required which offers the mechanisms
to support coordination of the adaptive behaviour of multiple
applications in order to achieve a common goal. In this
paper, we present a platform designed to meet this objective.
Our platform is based on the notion of the definition
of system-wide flexible adaptation policies written using a
form of Kowalsky’s event calculus, that may be adapted according
to user needs. Moreover, we also believe that by
using our approach it will soon be possible to identify and
resolve conflicts caused by the need to adapt to multiple
contextual triggers.}, file = {http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~efstrati/publications/content/efstratiou-wmcsa2002.pdf}, acceptance = {35%} } Utilising the Event Calculus for Policy Driven Adaptation in Mobile Systems. C. Efstratiou, A. Friday, N. Davies and K. Cheverst. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks (POLICY 2002), Monterey, California, pp. 13—24, June, 2002. IEEE Computer Society. Abstract Adaptation is an important requirement for mobile applications
due to the varying levels of resource availability
that characterises mobile environments. However without
proper control, multiple applications can each adapt independently
in response to a range of different adaptive stimuli,
causing conflicts or suboptimal performance. In this
paper we present a policy driven approach for mobile adaptive
systems that can overcome the aforementioned problems.
Our system is based on a policy language derived
from the Event Calculus logic programming formalism. Important
characteristics of our policy language are the support
for explicit expressions of time dependencies and the
simple and user friendly syntax. @inproceedings{efs02a, author = {C. Efstratiou and A. Friday and N. Davies and K. Cheverst}, title = {Utilising the Event Calculus for Policy Driven Adaptation in Mobile Systems}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks ({POLICY} 2002)}, location = {Monterey, California}, pages = {13--24}, month = {June}, year = {2002}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Washington, DC, USA}, abstract = {Adaptation is an important requirement for mobile applications
due to the varying levels of resource availability
that characterises mobile environments. However without
proper control, multiple applications can each adapt independently
in response to a range of different adaptive stimuli,
causing conflicts or suboptimal performance. In this
paper we present a policy driven approach for mobile adaptive
systems that can overcome the aforementioned problems.
Our system is based on a policy language derived
from the Event Calculus logic programming formalism. Important
characteristics of our policy language are the support
for explicit expressions of time dependencies and the
simple and user friendly syntax.}, file = {http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~efstrati/publications/content/efstratiou-policy2002.pdf}, acceptance = {25.4%} } The Rational for Infrastructure Support for Adaptive and Context-Aware Applications: A Position Paper
. N. Davies, K. Cheverst, C. Efstratiou and A. Friday. In Proceedings of NSF Workshop on Infrastructure for Mobile and Wireless Systems, Scottsdale, Arizona, pp. 146—152, October, 2001. Springer. Abstract Research has demonstrated that mobile and wireless applications
benefit from a knowledge of their operating environment. Examples of contextaware
or adaptive applications have been constructed and evaluated with the
results being widely disseminated within the research community. However, the
field is still sufficiently new that there are currently no standards for describing,
disseminating or managing the necessary contextual information. Moreover,
there are no standards (or even accepted best practices) for coordinating
adaptation across multiple applications and systems. In this position paper we
argue that the lack of standards in this area will inhibit the widespread
deployment of many of the compelling context-aware mobile applications
currently being designed. @inproceedings{dav01a, author = {N. Davies and K. Cheverst and C. Efstratiou and A. Friday}, title = {The Rational for Infrastructure Support for Adaptive and Context-Aware Applications: A Position Paper
}, booktitle = {Proceedings of NSF Workshop on Infrastructure for Mobile and Wireless Systems}, location = {Scottsdale, Arizona}, publisher = {Springer}, pages = {146--152}, month = {October}, year = {2001}, abstract = {Research has demonstrated that mobile and wireless applications
benefit from a knowledge of their operating environment. Examples of contextaware
or adaptive applications have been constructed and evaluated with the
results being widely disseminated within the research community. However, the
field is still sufficiently new that there are currently no standards for describing,
disseminating or managing the necessary contextual information. Moreover,
there are no standards (or even accepted best practices) for coordinating
adaptation across multiple applications and systems. In this position paper we
argue that the lack of standards in this area will inhibit the widespread
deployment of many of the compelling context-aware mobile applications
currently being designed.}, file = {http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~efstrati/publications/content/RationalInfra.pdf} } 'Feature' Interactions outside a Telecom Domain. L. Blair, G. Blair, J. Pang and C. Efstratiou. In Proceedings of Workshop on Feature Interactions in Composed Systems, ECOOP2001, Budapest, pp. 233—248, June, 2001. Kluwer, B.V.. Abstract Feature interactions in the original sense of the term (i.e. within a
telecommunications domain), have now been the subject of significant research
activity for over ten years. This paper considers several different sources of
interactions in other domains, arising during the course of our research at Lancaster.
These interactions are taken from a variety of areas within the field of Distributed
Systems, and stand to benefit greatly from the application of techniques developed in
the feature interaction community. Furthermore, we believe they represent a
potentially important generalisation for feature interaction research. @inproceedings{bla01a, author = {L. Blair and G. Blair and J. Pang and C. Efstratiou}, title = {`{F}eature' Interactions outside a Telecom Domain}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Workshop on Feature Interactions in Composed Systems, {ECOOP2001}}, location = {Budapest}, month = {June}, pages = {233--248}, publisher = {Kluwer, B.V.}, address = {Deventer, The Netherlands}, year = {2001}, abstract = {Feature interactions in the original sense of the term (i.e. within a
telecommunications domain), have now been the subject of significant research
activity for over ten years. This paper considers several different sources of
interactions in other domains, arising during the course of our research at Lancaster.
These interactions are taken from a variety of areas within the field of Distributed
Systems, and stand to benefit greatly from the application of techniques developed in
the feature interaction community. Furthermore, we believe they represent a
potentially important generalisation for feature interaction research. }, file = {http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~efstrati/publications/content/FICS01.pdf} } An Architecture for the Effective Support of Adaptive Context-Aware Applications. C. Efstratiou, K. Cheverst, N. Davies and A. Friday. In Proceedings of Mobile Data Management (MDM'01), Hong Kong, pp. 15—26, January, 2001. Springer. Abstract Mobile applications are required to operate in environments
characterised by change. More specifically, the availability of resources and
services may change significantly during a typical period of system operation.
As a consequence, adaptive mobile applications need to be capable of adapting
to these changes to ensure they offer the best possible level of service to the
user. Our experiences of developing and evaluating adaptive context-aware
applications in mobile environments has led us to believe that existing
architectures fail to provide the necessary support for such applications. In this
paper, we discuss the shortcomings of existing approaches and present work on
our own architecture that has been designed to meet the key requirements of
context-aware adaptive applications. @inproceedings{efs01a, author = {C. Efstratiou and K. Cheverst and N. Davies and A. Friday}, title = {An Architecture for the Effective Support of Adaptive Context-Aware Applications}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Mobile Data Management ({MDM}'01)}, location = {Hong Kong}, month = {January}, year = {2001}, pages = {15--26}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, abstract = {Mobile applications are required to operate in environments
characterised by change. More specifically, the availability of resources and
services may change significantly during a typical period of system operation.
As a consequence, adaptive mobile applications need to be capable of adapting
to these changes to ensure they offer the best possible level of service to the
user. Our experiences of developing and evaluating adaptive context-aware
applications in mobile environments has led us to believe that existing
architectures fail to provide the necessary support for such applications. In this
paper, we discuss the shortcomings of existing approaches and present work on
our own architecture that has been designed to meet the key requirements of
context-aware adaptive applications. }, file = {http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~efstrati/publications/content/mdm2001.pdf} } Architectural Ideas for the Support of Adaptive Context-Aware Applications. K. Cheverst, C. Efstratiou, N. Davies and A. Friday. In Proceedings of Workshop on Infrastructure for Smart Devices - How to Make Ubiquity an Actuality, HUC'00, Bristol, September, 2000. @inproceedings{che00a, author = {K. Cheverst and C. Efstratiou and N. Davies and A. Friday}, title = {Architectural Ideas for the Support of Adaptive Context-Aware Applications}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Workshop on Infrastructure for Smart Devices - How to Make Ubiquity an Actuality, HUC'00}, location = {Bristol}, month = {September}, year = {2000}, file = {http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~efstrati/publications/content/ArchIdeas.pdf} } Architectural Requirements for the Effective Support of Adaptive Mobile Applications. C. Efstratiou, K. Cheverst, N. Davies and A. Friday. Work in progress paper in Middleware2000, USA:New York, April, 2000. Abstract Mobile applications are required to operate in environments that change. Specifically, the
availability of resources and services may change significantly during typical system operation.
As a consequence, mobile applications need to be capable of adapting to these changes to
ensure they offer the best possible level of service to the user. Our experiences of developing
adaptive applications have led us to believe that existing middleware fails to provide the
necessary support for such applications. Moreover, we believe that current research in this area
is also failing to address the core requirements of adaptive mobile systems. In this paper we
present a set of requirements for future mobile middleware which have been derived by
considering the shortcomings of existing approaches and the needs of application developers.
Key among these requirements is the need to support coordinated action between application
and system components and the resolution of conflicts caused by the need to adapt to multiple
contextual triggers. The paper concludes with the presentation of an architectural framework
within which middleware researchers can deploy solutions to the problems identified. @inproceedings{efs00a, author = {C. Efstratiou and K. Cheverst and N. Davies and A. Friday}, title = {Architectural Requirements for the Effective Support of Adaptive Mobile Applications}, booktitle = {Work in progress paper in {M}iddleware2000}, location = {{USA}:{N}ew {Y}ork}, month = {April}, year = {2000}, abstract = {Mobile applications are required to operate in environments that change. Specifically, the
availability of resources and services may change significantly during typical system operation.
As a consequence, mobile applications need to be capable of adapting to these changes to
ensure they offer the best possible level of service to the user. Our experiences of developing
adaptive applications have led us to believe that existing middleware fails to provide the
necessary support for such applications. Moreover, we believe that current research in this area
is also failing to address the core requirements of adaptive mobile systems. In this paper we
present a set of requirements for future mobile middleware which have been derived by
considering the shortcomings of existing approaches and the needs of application developers.
Key among these requirements is the need to support coordinated action between application
and system components and the resolution of conflicts caused by the need to adapt to multiple
contextual triggers. The paper concludes with the presentation of an architectural framework
within which middleware researchers can deploy solutions to the problems identified.}, file = {http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~efstrati/publications/content/Middleware2000.pdf} } Developing a context-aware electronic tourist guide: some issues and experiences. K. Cheverst, N. Davies, K. Mitchell, A. Friday and C. Efstratiou. In Proceedings of the 2000 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI-00), edt. Thea Turner and Gerd Szwillus and Mary Czerwinski and Paternó Fabio, New York, pp. 17—24, April, 2000. ACM Press. Abstract In this paper, we describe our experiences of developing
and evaluating GUIDE, an intelligent electronic tourist
guide. The GUIDE system has been built to overcome
many of the limitations of the traditional information and
navigation tools available to city visitors. For example,
group-based tours are inherently inflexible with fixed
starting times and fixed durations and (like most
guidebooks) are constrained by the need to satisfy the
interests of the majority rather than the specific interests of
individuals. Following a period of requirements capture,
involving experts in the field of tourism, we developed and
installed a system for use by visitors to Lancaster. The
system combines mobile computing technologies with a
wireless infrastructure to present city visitors with
information tailored to both their personal and
environmental contexts. In this paper we present an
evaluation of GUIDE, focusing on the quality of the
visitor’s experience when using the system. @inproceedings{che00b, author = {K. Cheverst and N. Davies and K. Mitchell and A. Friday and C. Efstratiou}, title = {Developing a context-aware electronic tourist guide: some issues and experiences}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2000 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems ({CHI}-00)}, publisher = {ACM Press}, editor = {Thea Turner and Gerd Szwillus and Mary Czerwinski and Patern{\`o} Fabio}, location = {New York}, pages = {17--24}, month = {April}, year = {2000}, abstract = {In this paper, we describe our experiences of developing
and evaluating GUIDE, an intelligent electronic tourist
guide. The GUIDE system has been built to overcome
many of the limitations of the traditional information and
navigation tools available to city visitors. For example,
group-based tours are inherently inflexible with fixed
starting times and fixed durations and (like most
guidebooks) are constrained by the need to satisfy the
interests of the majority rather than the specific interests of
individuals. Following a period of requirements capture,
involving experts in the field of tourism, we developed and
installed a system for use by visitors to Lancaster. The
system combines mobile computing technologies with a
wireless infrastructure to present city visitors with
information tailored to both their personal and
environmental contexts. In this paper we present an
evaluation of GUIDE, focusing on the quality of the
visitor’s experience when using the system.}, file = {http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~efstrati/publications/content/CHI.pdf}, acceptance = {21%} } PRONET Services for Distance Learning in Mammographic Image Processing. L. Costaridou, G. Panayiotakis, C. Efstratiou, P. Sakellaropoulos, D. Cavouras, C. Kalogeropoulos, K. Varakis, L. Giannakou and J. Dimopoulos. In Proceedings of the XIII International Congress of the European Federation for Medical Informatics (MIE'97), Greece, pp. 165—177, 1997. Amsterdam : IOS Press. Abstract The potential of telematics services is investigated with respect to learning needs of medical physicists
and biomedical engineers. Telematics services are integrated into a system, the PRONET, which evolves around
multimedia computer based courses and distance tutoring support. In addition, information database access and
special interest group support are offered. System architecture is based on a component integration approach.
The services are delivered in three modes: LAN, ISDN and Internet. Mammographic image processing is selected
as an example content area. @inproceedings{cos97b, title = {PRONET Services for Distance Learning in Mammographic Image Processing}, author = {L. Costaridou and G. Panayiotakis and C. Efstratiou and P. Sakellaropoulos and D. Cavouras and C. Kalogeropoulos and K. Varakis and L. Giannakou and J. Dimopoulos}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the XIII International Congress of the European Federation for Medical Informatics (MIE'97)}, location = {Greece}, publisher = {Amsterdam : IOS Press}, pages = {165--177}, year = {1997}, abstract = {The potential of telematics services is investigated with respect to learning needs of medical physicists
and biomedical engineers. Telematics services are integrated into a system, the PRONET, which evolves around
multimedia computer based courses and distance tutoring support. In addition, information database access and
special interest group support are offered. System architecture is based on a component integration approach.
The services are delivered in three modes: LAN, ISDN and Internet. Mammographic image processing is selected
as an example content area.} } Modelling X-Ray Imaging Procedures: A Tool for Generating Learning Tasks. L. Costaridou, C. Papnikolaou, C. Efstratiou, K. Hatzis, N. Palikarakis and G. Panayiotakis. In Proceedings of the XII International Congress of the European Federation for Medical Informatics (MIE'96), Denmark, pp. 1047—1051, 1996. Amsterdam : IOS Press. @inproceedings{cos96a, author = {L. Costaridou and C. Papnikolaou and C. Efstratiou and K. Hatzis and N. Palikarakis and G. Panayiotakis}, title = {Modelling X-Ray Imaging Procedures: A Tool for Generating Learning Tasks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the XII International Congress of the European Federation for Medical Informatics (MIE'96)}, location = {Denmark}, publisher = {Amsterdam : IOS Press}, year = {1996}, pages = {1047--1051} }
Thesis
Coordinated Adaptation for Adaptive Context-aware Applications. C. Efstratiou. Ph.D. Thesis, Lancaster University, Computing Department, 2004. Abstract The ability to adapt to change is critical to both mobile and context-aware applications. This
thesis argues that providing sufficient support for adaptive context-aware applications requires support for
coordinated adaptation. Specifically, the main argument of this thesis is that coordinated adaptation requires
applications to delegate adaptation control to an entity that can receive state information from multiple
applications and trigger adaptation in multiple applications. Furthermore, coordination requires support for
reconfiguration of the adaptive behaviour and user involvement. Failure to support coordinated adaptation is
shown to lead to poor system and application performance and insufficient support for user requirements.
An investigation of the existing state-of-the-art in the areas of adaptive and contextaware systems and an analysis
of the limitations of existing systems leads to the establishment of a set of design requirements for the support
of coordinated adaptation. Specifically, adaptation control should be decoupled from the mechanisms implementing
the adaptive behaviour of the applications, applications should externalise both state information and the adaptive
mechanisms they support and the adaptation control mechanism should allow modifications without the need for
re-implementation of either the application or the support platform.
This thesis presents the design of a platform derived from the aforementioned requirements. This platform utilises
a policy based mechanism for controlling adaptation. Based on the particular requirements of adaptive context-aware
applications a new policy language is defined derived from Kowalsky's Event Calculus logic programming formalism.
This policy language allows the specification of policy rules where conditions are defined through the expression
of temporal relationships between events and entities that represent duration (i.e. fluents). A prototype
implementation of this design allowed the evaluation of the features offered by this platform. This evaluation
reveals that the platform can support coordinated adaptation with acceptable performance cost. @phdthesis{efs04a, author = {C. Efstratiou}, title = {Coordinated Adaptation for Adaptive Context-aware Applications}, type = {Ph.D. Thesis}, school = {Lancaster University, Computing Department}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The ability to adapt to change is critical to both mobile and context-aware applications. This
thesis argues that providing sufficient support for adaptive context-aware applications requires support for
coordinated adaptation. Specifically, the main argument of this thesis is that coordinated adaptation requires
applications to delegate adaptation control to an entity that can receive state information from multiple
applications and trigger adaptation in multiple applications. Furthermore, coordination requires support for
reconfiguration of the adaptive behaviour and user involvement. Failure to support coordinated adaptation is
shown to lead to poor system and application performance and insufficient support for user requirements.
An investigation of the existing state-of-the-art in the areas of adaptive and contextaware systems and an analysis
of the limitations of existing systems leads to the establishment of a set of design requirements for the support
of coordinated adaptation. Specifically, adaptation control should be decoupled from the mechanisms implementing
the adaptive behaviour of the applications, applications should externalise both state information and the adaptive
mechanisms they support and the adaptation control mechanism should allow modifications without the need for
re-implementation of either the application or the support platform.
This thesis presents the design of a platform derived from the aforementioned requirements. This platform utilises
a policy based mechanism for controlling adaptation. Based on the particular requirements of adaptive context-aware
applications a new policy language is defined derived from Kowalsky's Event Calculus logic programming formalism.
This policy language allows the specification of policy rules where conditions are defined through the expression
of temporal relationships between events and entities that represent duration (i.e. fluents). A prototype
implementation of this design allowed the evaluation of the features offered by this platform. This evaluation
reveals that the platform can support coordinated adaptation with acceptable performance cost.}, file = {http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~efstrati/content/efstratiou-phd.pdf} }
Other Publications
Monitoring Hand-Arm Vibrations in Construction Sites. C. Efstratiou, N. Davies, G. Kortuem, J. Finney, R. Hooper and M. Lowton. In Demo Abstracts, ACM MobiSys 2007, San Juan, Puerto Rico, June, 2007. @misc{efs07a, author = {C. Efstratiou and N. Davies and G. Kortuem and J. Finney and R. Hooper and M. Lowton}, title = {Monitoring Hand-Arm Vibrations in Construction Sites}, howpublished = {In Demo Abstracts, ACM MobiSys 2007}, location = {San Juan, Puerto Rico}, month = {June}, year = {2007} } Health and Safety Compliance in the Field. N. Davies, C. Efstratiou, J. Finney, R. Hooper, G. Kortuem, M. Lowton and M. Strohbach. In Demo Abstracts, ACM MobiSys 2006, Uppsala, Sweden, June, 2006. ACM Press. @misc{dav06a, author = {N. Davies and C. Efstratiou and J. Finney and R. Hooper and G. Kortuem and M. Lowton and M. Strohbach}, title = {Health and Safety Compliance in the Field}, howpublished = {In Demo Abstracts, ACM MobiSys 2006}, location = {Uppsala, Sweden}, month = {June}, year = {2006}, publisher = {ACM Press}, file = {http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~efstrati/publications/content/MobiSys06Demo.pdf} } Reflection: A Solution For Highly Adaptive Mobile Systems. C. Efstratiou and K. Cheverst. Position paper at the Reflective Middleware Workshop in conjunction with Middleware 2000, New York, April, 2000. @misc{efs00b, author = {C. Efstratiou and K. Cheverst}, title = {Reflection: A Solution For Highly Adaptive Mobile Systems}, howpublished = {Position paper at the Reflective Middleware Workshop in conjunction with Middleware 2000}, location = {New York}, year = {2000}, month = {April}, file = {http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~efstrati/publications/content/reflection.pdf} }
Patents
System and method for selectively providing information to a user device. P.G. Raverdy, N. Davies, O. Storz and C. Efstratiou. US Patent 6957217, Sony Corporation, October, 2005. @misc{rav05a, author = {P.G. Raverdy and N. Davies and O. Storz and C. Efstratiou}, title = {System and method for selectively providing information to a user device}, howpublished = {{US} Patent 6957217, {S}ony Corporation}, month = {October}, year = {2005} } System and method to support gaming in an electronic network. P.G. Raverdy, N. Davies, O. Storz and C. Efstratiou. US Patent 6884162, Sony Corporation, April, 2005. @misc{rav05b, author = {P.G. Raverdy and N. Davies and O. Storz and C. Efstratiou}, title = {System and method to support gaming in an electronic network}, howpublished = {{US} Patent 6884162, {S}ony Corporation}, month = {April}, year = {2005} }
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